الرئيسيةعريقبحث

التعادل الخالد

التعادل الخالد هو دور شطرنج لعب سنة 1872 في العاصمة النمساوية فيينا بين اللاعبين كارل هامب وفيليب مايتنر.وهو البصمة التاريخية التي ساهمت في شهرة كلا اللاعبين. طبع الدور على نطاق واسع في المطبوعات الشطرنجية على وجه الخصوص . كانت إفتتاحية الدور من تفريع فيينا الذي أعيد تسميته بإسمي اللاعبين تكريما لهما [1].

The game was played in the 19th-century Romantic style, in which rapid development and attack were considered the most effective way to win, where many غامبتs and counter-gambits were offered (and not accepting them was considered slightly ungentlemanly), and where material was often held in contempt. هذه الأدوار، مع هجماتها السريعة والهجمات المضادة، غالبا ما تكون مسلية في المراجعة حتى لو لم تعد بعض النقلات تعتبر الأفضل بمقاييس اليوم.

أجرى الأسود في الدور تضحيات مادية هائلة لدفع الملك الأبيض إلى الصف الأخير محاولا إماتته ،لكن الأبيض أدار دفاعه على نحو مذهل لفرض التعادل عن طريق الكش الأبدي .

تحليل الدور

White: Carl Hamppe   Black: Philipp Meitner   افتتاحيات: ECO C25

1. e4 e5 2. Nc3

This is the لعبة فيينا, an opening which Hamppe made major contributions to, giving his name to two variations in the لعبة فيينا.

2... Bc5

2...Nf6 is more usual. This move is offbeat, but certainly playable.

3. Na4?!

Better would be 3.Nf3! d6 4.d4 and White has a slight advantage. The move is premature; although many lines of the Vienna have White trying to obtain the مسرد الشطرنج with this move, the bishop can still retreat to e7, and the knight is not ideally placed at a4.[2]

3... Bxf2+!?

The quiet 3...Be7 would be better and less risky, especially since the move played may in fact lead to a win for White with best play. A bishop sacrifice is commonly seen in reply to an early knight attack in various lines, including this one.[2]

4. Kxf2

Forced.

4... Qh4+ 5. Ke3

Forced.

5... Qf4+ 6. Kd3 d5 7. Kc3!

Although 7.Qe1 is usually given as a refutation of this line, with 7...dxe4+? 8.Kc3 e3?! 9.Kb3! Be6+ 10.Ka3 where Black has nothing left, Black need not play 7...dxe4+?, and in fact better is 7...Nf6! (إريك شيلر move) 8.g3! dxe4+ 9.Kc3 Qg4 10.Bh3 Nd5+ 11.Kb3 Nc6!! (11...Qg6!? is unclear) 12.Bxg4! Na5+ 13.Ka3 Nc4+ 14.Kb3 Na5+ with an equal position.[2]

7... Qxe4 8. Kb3

Perhaps better for White than this curious king move would be 8.d4!? exd4+ 9.Qxd4!! Qe1+ 10.Bd2! Qxa1 11.Nf3 Qxa2 (an alternative is 11...Nc6!? 12.Qxg7 Be6 13.Nc5! 0-0-0 14.Nxe6 fxe6 15.Qxh8 Qxa2 16.Bg5 where White has a large advantage) 12.Qxg7 Qxa4 13.Qxh8 d4+ 14.Nxd4 Qa5+ 15.Kb3 Qxd2 16.Qxg8+ Ke7 17.Qxc8 Qxd4 18.Bc4! and White has a winning advantage, but must find several very difficult moves.[2]
abcdefgh
8
Chessboard480.svg
a8 black rook
c8 black bishop
e8 black king
g8 black knight
h8 black rook
a7 black pawn
b7 black pawn
c7 black pawn
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
a6 black knight
d5 black pawn
e5 black pawn
a4 white knight
e4 black queen
a3 white pawn
b3 white king
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
d2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
f1 white bishop
g1 white knight
h1 white rook
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
Position before 9...Qxa4+!!

8... Na6

Threatening 9...Qb4#.

9. a3?!

White can win here more easily than at the previous move with 9.d4! exd4 10.Bxa6 bxa6 11.Nc5 or 9.c3! Bd7 10.Ka3 b5 11.d4 bxa4 12.Bxa6 Qxg2 13.Qf3! Qg6 14.Qxd5 Bc6 15.Bb5.[2]

9... Qxa4+!!

A spectacular queen sacrifice, preventing White from playing Nc3 and Ka2, after which Black has insufficient compensation for his material disadvantage. The move forces the draw that follows.[2]

10. Kxa4 Nc5+ 11. Kb4

11.Kb5 still leads to a draw after 11...Ne7!! 12.Qh5! a5 13.Qxe5 Na6 14.Kxa5 Nb8+ 15.Kb4 Nbc6+ with equality.

11... a5+ 12. Kxc5

12.Kc3 has been suggested as a means to avoid the draw, but loses after 12...d4+ 13.Kc4 Be6+!! (13...b6? is unclear)[2] 14.Kxc5 Nf6! (threatening mate in three with 15...Nd7+ 16.Kb5 c6+ 17.Ka4 Nc5# or Nb6#) and White cannot avoid checkmate: 15.Bb5+ Ke7 (threatens 16...Ne4#) 16.Qf3 c6 (threatens 17...Nd7#) 17.Bxc6 Rhc8 (threatens 18...Nd7+ 19.Kb5 bxc6+ 20.Qxc6 and mate in five) 18.Kb6 bxc6 (threatens 19...Nd7+ 20.Kb7 Rab8+! 21.Ka6 Nc5+ 22.Kxa5 Rb5#) 19.Qxf6+ and mate in eight follows. Every move in the game after 12.Kxc5 is forced.[2]

12... Ne7!

Threatens 13...b6+ with ...Bd7# to follow.[2]

13. Bb5+ Kd8 14. Bc6!!

The only move that avoids checkmate.[2]

14... b6+

Not 14...bxc6? and the white king can no longer be mated.

15. Kb5 Nxc6 16. Kxc6

Not 16.c3?? Nd4+! 17.cxd4 Bd7#.[2]

16... Bb7+! 17. Kb5!

Not 17.Kxb7?? Kd7! 18.Qg4+ Kd6! and 19...Rhb8# cannot be prevented.[2]

17... Ba6+ 18. Kc6

Not 18.Ka4?? Bc4! and 19...b5# cannot be prevented.[2]

18... Bb7+ ½–½

Draw by تكرار الوضعية ثلاثا.[2]

مقالات ذات صلة

مراجع

  1. Carl Hamppe vs Philipp Meitner (1872) "The Immortal Draw" - تصفح: نسخة محفوظة 11 يوليو 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
  2. The Hamppe - Meitner Motif - تصفح: نسخة محفوظة 13 يوليو 2016 على موقع واي باك مشين.

موسوعات ذات صلة :