الرئيسيةعريقبحث

قائمة أكثر الثقوب السوداء ضخامة

هذه قائمة مرتبة من الثقوب السوداء الأكبر حجما المعروفة (و المرشحة المحتملة ) لأن تكون الأكبر، وتقاس بوحدة كتلة شمسية (M☉)، أو كتلة الشمس تساوي (حوالي 2 × 1030 كجم).

مقدمة

المجرات التي توجد فيها الثقوب السوداء كبيرة الحجم قليلة وتشمل مجرة درب التبانة، مجرات المجموعة المحلية وعدد قليل من المجرات خارج المجموعة المحلية، على سبيل المثال NGC 4365.

قائمة

الثقوب السوداءالمدرجة هنا لديهم مشكلة في دقة القياس.

قائمة أكبر الثقوب السوداء
الاسم كتلة شمسية
(الشمس = 1) 		ملاحظات
TON 618 000 000 000 [1]66 نجم زائف بعيد للغاية ومشرق للغاية، قريب من كوكبة السلوقيان و يعتبر أكبر الثقوب السوداء لغاية العام 2020
S5 0014+81 40000000000[2][3][4] A 2010 paper suggested that a funnel collimates the radiation around the jet axis, creating an optical illusion of very high brightness, and thus a possible overestimation of the black hole mass.[2]
Holmberg 15A 000 000 000 40 [5]0.8±
IC 1101 (4–10)×[6]1010 مركز المجرة التي تحمل الاسم ذاته، تعتبر من اضخم المجرات وتمتد مسافة 6 مليون سنة ضوئية مقارنة بدرب التبانة التي تمتد على مسافة تقديرية ب 100 الف سنة ضوئية فقط . الثقب الاسود IC 1101 له كتلة ما بين 40 إلى 100 مليار كتلة شمسية اي أكبر من TON618 و الذي يحتل المركز الأول كأكبر ثقب اسود، ولكن لأن كتلة الثقب الاسود IC1101 غير مؤكدة تماما فلا يزال TON618 محافظا على ترتيبه.
SDSS J102325.31+514251.0 33100000000[7]
Black hole of central نجم زائف of H1821+643 30000000000[8] Nearest galaxy cluster harboring a quasar in its core.[8]
APM 08279+5255 23000000000
إن جي سي 4889 21000000000[9] Best fit: the estimate ranges from 6 billion to 37 billion M☉.[9]
Black hole of central elliptical galaxy of عنقود العنقاء 20000000000[10] This black hole is continuously growing at the rate of ~60 M☉ per year.
SDSS J074521.78+734336.1 19500000000[7]
OJ 287 primary 18000000000[11] A smaller 100 million M☉ black hole orbits this one in a 12-year period (see OJ 287 secondary below). But this measurement is in question due to the limited number and precision of observed companion orbits.
SDSS J08019.69+373047.3 15140000000[7]
SDSS J115954.33+201921.1 14120000000[7]
SDSS J075303.34+423130.8 13800000000[7]
SDSS J080430.56+542041.1 13500000000[7]
SDSS J081855.77+095848.0 12000000000[7]
SDSS J0100+2802 12000000000[12][13]
SDSS J082535.19+512706.3 11220000000[7]
SDSS J013127.34-032100.1 11000000000[14]
Black hole of central elliptical galaxy of MS 0735.6+7421 10000000000[15] Produced a colossal AGN outburst after accreting 600 million M☉ worth of material.[15]
PSO J334.2028+01.4075 10000000000[16] There are actually two black holes, orbiting at each other in a close pair with a 542-day period. The largest one is quoted, while the smaller one's mass is not defined.[16]
Black hole of central elliptical galaxy of الإكليل الشمالي (كوكبة) 10000000000[17]
QSO B2126-158 10000000000[2]
Holmberg 15A 10000000000[18] Mass estimates range from ~310 billion M☉ down to 3 billion M☉. They all rely on empirical scaling relations and are thus obtained from extrapolation and not from kinematical measurements.
SDSS J015741.57-010629.6 9800000000[7]
NGC 3842 9700000000[9] Brightest galaxy in the عنقود الأسد المجري
SDSS J230301.45-093930.7 9120000000[7]
SDSS J075819.70+202300.9 7800000000[7]
CID-947 7000000000[19] Constitutes 10% of the total mass of its host galaxy
SDSS J080956.02+502000.9 6450000000[7]
SDSS J014214.75+002324.2 6310000000[7]
مسييه 87 6300000000[20] Central galaxy of the عنقود العذراء المجري; notable for its 4,300 light-year long تدفق مادي فلكي.
SDSS J025905.63+001121.9 5250000000[7]
SDSS J094202.04+042244.5 5130000000[7]
QSO B0746+254 5000000000[2]
QSO B2149-306 5000000000[2]
NGC 1277 5000000000[21] Once thought to harbor a black hole so large that it contradicted modern galaxy formation and evolutionary theories,[22] re-analysis of the data revised it downward to roughly a third of the original estimate.[21]
SDSS J090033.50+421547.0 4700000000[7]
مسييه 60 4500000000[23]
SDSS J011521.20+152453.3 4100000000[7]
QSO B0222+185 4000000000[2]
Hercules A (3C 348) 4000000000 Notable for its million light-year long تدفق مادي فلكي.
SDSS J213023.61+122252.0 3500000000[7]
SDSS J173352.23+540030.4 3400000000[7]
SDSS J025021.76-075749.9 3100000000[7]
SDSS J030341.04-002321.9 3000000000[7]
QSO B0836+710 3000000000[2]
SDSS J224956.08+000218.0 2630000000[7]
SDSS J030449.85-000813.4 2400000000[7]
SDSS J234625.66-001600.4 2240000000[7]
ULAS J1120+0641 2000000000[24][25] Also on record as the most distant نجم زائف known, at z=7.085[24]
QSO 0537-286 2000000000[2]
مجرة المغزل 2000000000[26]
Q0906+6930 2000000000[27] Most distant known نجم زائف متوهج, at z = 5.47
QSO B0805+614 1500000000[2]
مسييه 84 1500000000[28]
QSO B225155+2217 1000000000[2]
QSO B1210+330 1000000000[2]
NGC 6166 1000000000[29] Central galaxy of أبيل 2199; notable for its hundred thousand light year long relativistic jet.
دجاجة A 1000000000[30] Brightest extrasolar radio source in the sky ad seen at frequencies above 1 GHz
مسييه 104 1000000000[31] Bolometrically most luminous galaxy in the local universe and also the nearest billion-solar-mass black hole to Earth.
Markarian 501 900000000–3400000000[32] Brightest object in the sky in very high energy gamma rays.
PG 1426+015 (1.298±0.385)×109[33]
467740000[34]
3سي 273 (8.86±1.87)×108[33]
550000000[34]		 Brightest quasar in the sky
مسييه 49 560000000[35]
PG 0804+761 (6.93±0.83)×108[33]
190550000[34]
PG 1617+175 (5.94±1.38)×108[33]
275420000[34]
PG 1700+518 7.81+1.82
−1.65×108[33]
60260000[34]
NGC 4261 400000000[36] Notable for its 88000 light-year long تدفق مادي فلكي.[37]
PG 1307+085 (4.4±1.23)×108[33]
281 840 000[34]
إن جي سي 1275 340000000[38][39] Central galaxy of the عنقود برشيوس المجري
3C 390.3 (2.87±0.64)×108[33]
338840000[34]
II Zwicky 136 (4.57±0.55)×108[33]
144540000[34]
PG 0052+251 (3.69±0.76)×108[33]
218780000[34]
مسييه 59 270000000[40] This black hole has a retrograde rotation.[41]
PG 1411+442 (4.43±1.46)×108[33]
79430000[34]
Markarian 876 (2.79±1.29)×108[33]
240000000[34]
المرأة المسلسلة 230000000 Nearest large galaxy to the درب التبانة
PG 0953+414 (2.76±0.59)×108[33]
182000000[34]
PG 0026+129 (3.93±0.96)×108[33]
53700000[34]
Fairall 9 (2.55±0.56)×108[33]
79430000[34]
Markarian 1095 (1.5±0.19)×108[33]
182000000[34]
مسييه 105 140000000–200000000[42]
Markarian 509 (1.43±0.12)×108[33]
57550000[34]
OJ 287 secondary 100000000[11] The smaller black hole orbiting OJ 287 primary (see above).
RX J124236.9-111935 100000000[43] Observed by the مرصد تشاندرا الفضائي للأشعة السينية to be tidally disrupting a star.[43][44]
مسييه 85 100000000[45]
NGC 5548 (6.71±0.26)×107[33]
123000000[34]
PG 1221+143 (1.46±0.44)×108[33]
40740000[34]
مسييه 88 80000000[46]
مسييه 81 (Bode's Galaxy) 70,000,000[47]
Markarian 771 (7.32±3.52)×107[33]
75860000[34]
مسييه 58 70000000[48]
PG 0844+349 (9.24±3.81)×107[33]
21380000[34]
قنطورس أ 55000000[49] Also notable for its million light-year long تدفق مادي فلكي.[50]
Markarian 79 (5.24±1.44)×107[33]
52500000[34]
مسييه 96 48000000[51] Estimates can be as low as 1.5 million solar masses
Markarian 817 (4.94±0.77)×107[33]
43650000[34]
NGC 3227 (4.22±2.14)×107[33]
38900000[34]
NGC 4151 primary 40000000[52][53]
3C 120 5.55+3.14
−2.25×107[33]
22900000[34]
Markarian 279 (3.49±0.92)×107[33]
41700000[34]
NGC 3516 (4.27±1.46)×107[33]
23000000[34]
NGC 863 (4.75±0.74)×107[33]
17700000[34]
مسييه 82 (Cigar Galaxy) 30000000[54] Prototype مجرة انفجار نجمي.[55]
مسييه 108 24000000[56]
M60-UCD1 20000000[57] Constitutes 15% of the mass of its host galaxy.
NGC 3783 (2.98±0.54)×107[33]
9300000[34]
Markarian 110 (2.51±0.61)×107[33]
5620000[34]
Markarian 335 (1.42±0.37)×107[33]
6310000[34]
NGC 4151 secondary 10000000[53]
NGC 7469 (12.2±1.4)×106[33]
6460000[34]
IC 4329 A 9.90+17.88
−11.88×106[33]
5010000[34]
NGC 4593 5.36+9.37
−6.95×106[33]
8130000[34]
مسييه 61 5000000[58]
مسييه 32 1500000–5000000[59] A dwarf satellite galaxy of the المرأة المسلسلة.
الرامي أ* 4300000[60] The black hole at the center of the درب التبانة
NGC 4051 (1.91±0.78)×106[33]
1300000[34]

مراجع

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