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مسلمون كجراتيون

المسلمون الكجراتيون (بالغوجاراتية: ગુજરાતી મુસલમાનો، بالأردية: گجراتی مسلمان) وعادة ما تُستخدم للدلالة على المسلمون الهنود من ولاية غوجارات في الساحل الشمالي الغربي من الهند. المسلمون الغوجاراتيون بارزون جدًا في الصناعة والشركات المتوسطة الحجم، وهناك مجتمع غوجاراتي مسلم كبير جدًا في مومباي.[2] هاجر العديد من أفراد هذا المجتمع إلى باكستان في عام 1947 واستقروا في مقاطعة السند وخاصة في كراتشي، وساهموا في الرفاه الوطني والاقتصاد في باكستان.[3] وهناك شتات غوجاراتي منتشر منذ القرون الوسطى، منتشرون في جميع أنحاء الشرق الأدنى ومناطق المحيط الهندي وأفريقيا واليابان مع وجود ملحوظ في:[4] هونغ كونغ،[5][6] بريطانيا، البرتغال، ريونيون،[7] عمان،[8] اليمن (عدن)،[9] موزمبيق، زنجبار[10]،[11] الإمارات العربية المتحدة، بورما،[12] مدغشقر,[13]، جنوب أفريقيا وموريشيوس وباكستان وشرق أفريقيا.

Gujarati Muslim
ગુજરાતી મુસલમાન
المناطق مع الدلالات الإحصائية
• India • Pakistan • United Kingdom

• Canada • South Africa • United Arab Emirates • Madagascar

اللغات

• لغة كجراتية • Urdu • Kutchi[1]

الديانات

• Allah-green.svg أهل السنة والجماعة, الشيعة, إسماعيلية, صوفية

المجموعات الإثنية المرتبطة

• غجراتيون • Muslims of Uttar Pradesh • Rajasthani Muslims • مسلمو حيدرإبادي • Indo Aryans • مهاجر اشخاص

• باكستانيون • الشعب السندي • زط • مابيلا • Lohanas • راجبوت

وفقًا لتعداد الهند لعام 2001 ، بلغ عدد السكان الغوجاراتيين المسلمين 4,592,854 نسمة، أي ما نسبته 9.064 % من مجموع سكان الولاية، غير أن أعدادا كبيرة من المسلمين الغوجاراتيين توجد ضمن السياق الأوسع للمغتربين الغوجاراتيين الذين أصبحوا متمركزين في جميع أنحاء قارات العالم.[14]

معظم المسلمين الغوجاراتية يتحدثون الغة الغوجاراتية كلغتهم الأم، ولكن بعض المجتمعات مثل مومين أنصاري وميمون [15]وشيخ الغوجاراتية،,[16][17] وغيرهم، يتحدثون الأردية كلغتهم الأم.[18]

غالبية المسلمين الغوجاراتيين من السنة، مع أقلية من الجماعات الشيعية كلأسماعيلية البهرة والأثنى عشرية.

كما ينقسم المسلمون الغوجاراتيون إلى مجموعات، مثل البهرة السنة / البهرة الإسماعيلية، الخوجة، البهرة الداوودية، سورتي، شعب باثان، خاتري، غانتشي، تشيبا، كل منهم يحتفظ بعاداته وتقاليده.

المراجع

  1. "Gujarātī". Onmiglot: online encyclopaedia of writing systems and languages. مؤرشف من الأصل في 17 أبريل 201903 مايو 2014.
  2. Patel, edited by Sujata; Masselos, Jim (2003). Bombay and Mumbai : the city in transition. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.  . مؤرشف من الأصل في 4 أبريل 2020.
  3. Laurent Gayer (2014). Karachi : ordered disorder and the struggle for the city. صفحة 300.  . مؤرشف من الأصل في 11 مايو 202011 فبراير 2015. Out of Pakistan's forty-two largest industrial groups, thirty-six were in the hands of Karachi-based businessmen - generally members of the Gujarati/Kutchi/Kathiawari trading sects, both Sunni (Memon) and Shia (Khojas, Bohras, etc.) Whereas they accounted for 0.4 per cent of Pakistan's total population, Gujarati trading groups (they are considered مهاجر اشخاص since many of their members were already settled in Karachi before the independence) controlled 43 per cent of the country's industrial capital. Halai Memons alone (0.3 per cent of the national population) owned 27 per cent of these industries. And while he patronised Pashtun entrepreneurs in Karachi, Ayub Khan also relied upon Gujarati businessmen to finance his electoral campaign in 1964, while facilitating the entry into politics of some Muhajir entrepreneurs, such as Sadiq Dawood, a Memon industrialist who became an MNA, and the Treasurer of Ayub's Convention Muslim League.
  4. Peck, Amelia. Interwoven Globe: The Worldwide Textile Trade, 1500-1800. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. صفحة 15.  . مؤرشف من الأصل في 17 ديسمبر 201904 فبراير 2015. Of the Asian trading communities the most successful were the Gujaratis, as witnessed not only by Pires and Barbosa but by a variety of other sources. All confirm that merchants from the Gujarati community routinely held the most senior post open to an expatriate trader, that of shah-bandar (controller of maritime trade).
  5. "Where on earth do they speak Gujarati?". مؤرشف من الأصل في 2 فبراير 201929 يناير 2014.
  6. ed. by Robert Bickers (2000). New frontiers : imperialism's new communities in East Asia, 1842-1953 (الطبعة 1. publ.). Manchester [u.a.]: Manchester Univ. Press. صفحة 67.  . مؤرشف من الأصل في 4 أبريل 2020. The 1889 Hong Kong Directory and Hong List for the Far East lists three Sindhi firms in Hong Kong among a total of thirty-one firms, of which the majority were Parsi and Gujarati Muslim.
  7. Nandita Dutta. "An Indian Reunion". littleindia.com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 16 يوليو 201709 فبراير 2015. Raziah Locate is a manager in a hospitality school. Her grandfather Omarjee Ismael embarked on a voyage with his wife in 1870 from Kathor, near Surat, in Gujarat. He came to Reunion Island to seek better opportunities to further his trade in clothing. Her grandfather was one of the 40,000 merchants, traders and artisans from Gujarat who are said to have voluntary migrated to Reunion Island starting in the 1850s. Her grandfather was one of the pioneers who paved the way for other Gujarati Muslims to settle in Reunion, who have built a mosque and a madrasa on the island.
  8. Hugh Eakin (August 14, 2014). "In the Heart of Mysterious Oman". The New York Review of Books. مؤرشف من الأصل في 18 نوفمبر 201505 فبراير 2015.
  9. Nafeesa Syeed. "Learning Gujarati in Yemen". indiarealtime.com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 23 أبريل 201909 فبراير 2015. Mr. Haji, clad in the gold-trimmed, white cap that is standard for Bohra men, was in a flurry on a recent Friday, as he catered to streams of constituents and answered phone calls. He slid effortlessly between Arabic, Urdu, English and Dawat ni zabaan—a strain of Gujarati particular to Bohras that is peppered with Arabic and Persian. He explained that they have other shrines in Yemen, but this is one of the most important. Some 10,000 Bohras, mostly from India but also from their populations in Pakistan, East Africa, the United States, Europe and the Middle East, travel here each year.
  10. Ababu Minda Yimene (2004). An African Indian Community in Hyderabad: Siddi Identity, Its Maintenance and Change. صفحات 66, 67.  . مؤرشف من الأصل في 11 مايو 202004 فبراير 2015. Some centuries later, the Gujarati merchants established permanent trading posts in Zanzibar, consolidating their influence in the Indian Ocean... Gujarati Muslims, and their Omani partners, engaged in a network of mercantile activities among Oman, Zanzibar and Bombay. Thanks to those mercantile Gujarati, India remained by far the principal trading partner of Zanzibar.
  11. Nazar Abbas. "Pakistanis who have never seen Pakistan". The Friday Times. مؤرشف من الأصل في 18 مارس 201709 فبراير 2015. After ties broke down between India and Portugal, Gujarati Muslims stranded in Mozambique were given Pakistani citizenship...Merchants from Diu had settled on the island of Mozambique in the early 1800s. Hindus from Diu, Sunni Muslims from Daman, and others from Goa migrated to Mozambique as small traders, construction workers and petty employees. Many Gujaratis moved from South Africa to Mozambique in the latter half of the 19th century.
  12. Dr Asghar Ali Engineer. "Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar and recent riots - an Aman Report". Centre for study of society and secularism. مؤرشف من الأصل في February 9, 201509 فبراير 2015. Lot of Muslims had gone from Surat and still there is a beautiful Surti mosque. Muslims in Myanmar are highly diverse. There are very few ethnic Burmese Muslims, most of them are migrants from different parts of India when Burma was a part of India. There are large number of Tamil, Gujarati and Bengali and Bohra Muslims and very few Urdu speaking Muslims since Urdu speaking are not in business.
  13. Pedro Machado. Ocean of Trade. Cambridge University Press. صفحة 232.  . مؤرشف من الأصل في 11 مايو 2020. Gujarati merchants may also have financed slave voyages to Madagascar in the nineteenth century. They sailed to its west coast from the mid 1810s to the mid 1820s but do not appear to have become extensively involved in this trafficking, either as shippers or as financiers. This is likely explained by the increasing presence in coastal Madagascar of Khoja and Bohra Shi'ia merchants from Kutch who, together with the Bhatiya merchants, established a significant presence there as financiers of the slave trade from the second decade of the nineteenth century.
  14. Rai, edited by Rajesh; Reeves, Peter (2009). The South Asian diaspora transnational networks and changing identities. London: Routledge.  . مؤرشف من الأصل في 17 ديسمبر 2019. Gujarat has maintained commercial contacts with the outside world since ancient times. The tradition of sea-faring and overseas contacts goes back many centuries and the Gujarati diaspora was a logical outcome of such a tradition. The Gujarati merchant diaspora can still be found in the littoral cities of West Asia and Africa on the one hand, and in Southeast Asia on the other.
  15. Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Gujarat Population: Musalmans and Parsis, Volume IX pages 13 to 14 Government Central Press, Bombay
  16. "Parzor | The UNESCO Parsi Zoroastrian Project". Unescoparzor.com. مؤرشف من الأصل في 15 مارس 201524 ديسمبر 2015.
  17. People of India Gujarat Volume XXII Part One Editors R. B Lal, P.B.S.V Padmanabham, G Krishnan and M Azeez Mohideen pages 74 to 77
  18. name="Indian Census 2001 - Religion" Indian Census 2001 - Religion - تصفح: نسخة محفوظة 2007-03-12 على موقع واي باك مشين.

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